A method and apparatus for allowing a plurality of mobile nodes to access a network with one or more Network Access Identifiers (NAIs), This allows a user to access a network with multiple mobile nodes using a single NAI. The method and apparatus is achieved by the addition of a Session/Device Extension, a Host Identification Extension, a Host Identification NAI Extension, and/or a Lease Time Extension.

An accounting framework is provided for a communications system having a plurality of service providers, including cellular service providers and/or data network service providers, e.g., Internet service providers. Accounting units containing accounting information are exchanged between service providers to allow the service providers to charge for usage of services. The accounting units have a predetermined format to allow them to be exchanged between different service providers. Each accounting unit includes a plurality of fields, including a service type field, a usage of radio interface field, a usage of a visited or external network field, a usage of mobility management field, a quality of service field, a usage of a packet data protocol field, and other fields. Users may be charged for services based on these fields.

An efficient and improved dynamic home agent discovery algorithm and system to be used in a protocol for network communications. The present invention encapsulates and integrates communications of the home agents into a single home agent communication. Communication between a mobile node and the home agents is simplified to a single home agent communication. Dynamic home agent discovery processes are performed, based on the single home agent communication. Encapsulation is achieved by having each of the home agents maintain a home agent list that contains information about each of the home agents coupled to the home link. A designated home agent receives and processes home agent discovery requests from the mobile node on behalf of home agents coupled to the home link, and a designated home agent sends home agent advertisements to and communicates with the mobile node.

A method and system for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) packet loss recovery over a wireless link where the packet loss is due to a high Bit Error Rate (BER). Such a method and system allows the exponential growth of a TCP congestion window for every acknowledgement packet that is received after a retransmission timers expires and/or three duplicate acknowledgement packets are received. In such a scenario, a maximum amount of data is transmitted via the exponentially growing TCP congestion window thereby optimizing and increasing packet throughput. A method and system for setting the congestion window to a greater amount than originally set of the maximum allowed window size is also presented. Further, a method and system for, as the BER changes between low and high, automatically adjusting the congestion window size to be a variable of the maximum allowed window size and dynamically adjusting the packet size is presented.

An apparatus, system, and method are provided for interworking the public telephone network and the IP network. The public telephone network transports a TCAP message in a first format, and the IP network transports an encapsulated TCAP message in a second format. A first interface communicates with the public telephone network, and exchanges TCAP messages therewith. A second interface communicates with the IP network, and exchanges encapsulated TCAP messages therewith. A processor operably connected to at least one of said first interface and said second interface translates TCAP messages in the first format to/from the encapsulated TCAP message in the second format. The processor is further adapted for forwarding TCAP messages in both formats to the respective network. The first format can be an SS7 protocol format, while the second format can be an IP protocol format as used in the IP network. Various message structures and encapsulation techniques are provided. Network addressing and routing functions are included. An apparatus for exchanging encapsulated TCAP messages with the IP network is provided. A system for interworking a public telephone network and an IP network is provided. The system comprises a first network node, a second network node, and at least one interworking apparatus having a processor adapted for exchanging TCAP messages with the public telephone network and the IP network, as described. Related methods for interworking between the IP network and the public telephone network are provided.