The method of the invention is applicable to oil production to obtain the impact of technical and economic uncertainties on the economic profitability of a reservoir and/or to optimize the position of a new well in order to meet a development strategy. The invention includes in stage 1, uncertain technical parameters having an influence on the reservoir production are selected; in stage 2, an analytic model expressing the reservoir production in the course of time is determined as a function of the parameters selected in stage 1, from production values obtained by means of a flow simulator; and in stage 3, a model expressing the economic profitability of the reservoir is determined as a function of the technical and economic parameters, from the analytic model determined in stage 2.

A method for optimizing the production of oil reservoirs, and notably the production schemes, while taking into account uncertainties inherent in any reservoir survey. The method sequentially has the following stages: Stage 1: A sensitivity study to evaluate the impact, on the production of the oil reservoir, of the production scheme configurations tested (several well sites, . . . ) in relation to the uncertainties specific to the reservoir (permeability, aquifer force, . . . ). Stage 2: A quantification study of the risks associated with the configurations being studied to determine whether it is necessary to seek an optimum production scheme. Stage 4: A production scheme optimization study: having, the goal to determine the ideal production configuration for a given objective.